en ستون فقرات Spine surgery مروری Review Paper <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;">Kyphosis is traditionally described as an excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, often attributed to structural and biomechanical abnormalities. However, emerging evidence suggests that biological and molecular mechanisms also contribute to its development and progression. This narrative mini-review explores the underlying biological factors associated with kyphosis, including vertebral growth plate alterations, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory pathways, and muscle degeneration. Understanding these mechanisms provides new insights into the pathophysiology of kyphotic deformities and may inform future therapeutic strategies.</span></span></span></div> Kyphosis, Spinal Deformity, Thoracic spine, Biological Mechanism 0 0 http://jros.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2744-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Javad Moeini Saeenmedicine@gmail.com 10031947532846008870 10031947532846008870 No Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammadreza Shakeri Mshakeri3116@gmail.com 10031947532846008871 10031947532846008871 No Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Chehrassan chehrassan.m@iums.ac.ir 10031947532846008872 10031947532846008872 No Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Shakeri Sefat alirezashakerisefat@gmail.com 10031947532846008873 10031947532846008873 Yes Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.