en جراحی زانو Knee surgery مروری Review Paper <div style="text-align: justify;">Osteomyelitis (OM) is a bone infection typically caused by bacterial pathogens, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, leading to both acute and chronic inflammation within the bone. The molecular mechanisms underlying OM are complex and involve an interplay between immune cells, bacteria, and bone-residing cells. This mini-review discusses the molecular processes involved in OM, including the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, osteoclast activation, and disruption of bone homeostasis. The infection induces a cascade of inflammatory responses that not only contribute to the direct destruction of bone tissue but also impair bone repair. The review also highlights how changes in bone dynamics, such as osteoclastic bone resorption and the failure of osteoblastic bone formation, play a critical role in the progression of OM. Understanding these molecular and cellular interactions is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic strategies and targeted interventions to combat OM.</div> Osteomyelitis (OM), Molecular mechanisms, Bone dynamics, Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, Inflammation, Bone resorption, Cytokines, Bone repair, Staphylococcus aureus 55 76 http://jros.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-217-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abolfazl Bagherifard Bagherifd@gmail.com 10031947532846007973 10031947532846007973 No Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Khatere Mokhtari khatere_mokhtari@yahoo.com 10031947532846007974 0009-0002-1179-4769 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Hooman Yahyazedeh Yahyazadehhooman@yahoo.com 10031947532846007975 10031947532846007975 Yes Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.