en ستون فقرات Spine surgery مروری Review Paper <div style="text-align: justify;">Kyphosis is traditionally described as excessive curvature of the thoracic spine, often attributed to structural and biomechanical abnormalities. However, emerging evidence suggests that biological and molecular mechanisms also contribute to its development and progression. This narrative mini-review explores the underlying biological factors associated with kyphosis, including alterations in vertebral growth plate, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammatory pathways, and muscle degeneration. Understanding these mechanisms provides new insights into the pathophysiology of kyphotic deformities and may inform future therapeutic strategies.</div> Kyphosis, Spinal deformity, Thoracic spine, Biological mechanism 9 12 http://jros.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2744-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Javad Moeini Saeenmedicine@gmail.com 10031947532846009075 10031947532846009075 No Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammadreza Shakeri Mshakeri3116@gmail.com 10031947532846009076 10031947532846009076 No Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Chehrassan chehrassan.m@iums.ac.ir 10031947532846009077 10031947532846009077 No Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Shakeri Sefat alirezashakerisefat@gmail.com 10031947532846009078 10031947532846009078 Yes Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.